On doing a bit of spring cleaning around here, I’ve noticed that we haven’t been linking very clearly to the project blog for ‘Linking Lives‘, the Locah continuation project, so here it is:
http://linkinglives.archiveshub.ac.uk
Linking Lives is exploring ways to present Linked Data. It’s aiming to show that archives can benefit from being presented as a part of the diverse data sources on the Web to create full biographical pictures, enabling researchers to make connections between people and events.
Here’s the blurb from the Linking Lives ‘About Us’ page:
“The Linking Lives project (2011-12) is a follow on from the Locah project (2010-11) that created Linked Data for a sub-set of Archives Hub and Copac data. The Locah blog documents the whole process, from the data modelling through to decisions about URIs, external datasets and visualisation work.
The primary aim of Linking Lives is to explore ways to present Linked Data for the benefit of research. The Archives Hub data is rich in information about people and organisations, but many researchers want to access a whole range of data sources in order to get a full perspective for their research. We should recognise that researchers may not just be interested in archives. Indeed, they may not really have thought about using primary source material, but they may be very interested in biographical information, known and unknown connections, events during a person’s lifetime, etc. We want to show that archives can benefit from being presented not in isolation, but as a part of all of the diverse data sources that can be found to create a full biographical picture, and to enable researchers to make connections between people and events to create different narratives.
We will create a new Web interface that presents useful resources relating to individual people, and potentially organisations as well. We will explore various external data sources, assessing their viability and ease of use from both a Linked Data perspective (adding them to our Linked Data output) and a researcher’s perspective (adding them to the user interface).
We have many ideas about what we can do – the possibilities for this type of work are endless – but with limited time and resources we will have to prioritise, test out various options and see what works and what doesn’t and what each option requires to implement.
In addition to the creation of an interface, we want to think about the pressing issues for Linked Data: provenance, trust, authenticity. By creating an interface for researchers, we will be able to gain a greater appreciation of whether this type of approach is effective. We will be evaluating the work, asking researchers to feedback to us, and, of course, we will also be able to see evidence of use of the site through our Web logs.
We’ll be updating you via this blog, and we are very interested in any thoughts that you have about the work, so please do leave comments, or contact us directly.”
”, but we’ve retained the basic approach of distinguishing generic document and documents in specific formats, which I think is the significant aspect of the recommendations.)
This set of URI patterns corresponds to those used in the “recipe” described in section 4.2 of the W3C 代理ip软件免费 note, “303 URIs forwarding to One Generic Document”.
The Talis Platform
It is perhaps worth emphasising here that in the LOCAH case a “description” of any one of the things in our model may contain data which originated in multiple EAD documents e.g. a description of a concept may contain links to multiple archival resources with which it is associated, or a description of a repository may contain links to multiple finding aids they have published, and so on. A description may also contain data which originated from a source other than the EAD documents: for example, we add some postcode data provided by the National Archives, and most of the links to external resources, such as people described by VIAF records, are generated by post-transformation processes.
This aggregated RDF data – the output of the EAD-to-RDF transformation process and this additional data – is stored in an instance of the Talis Platform store. Simplifying things slightly, the Platform store is a “database” specialised for the storage and retieval of RDF data. It is hosted by Talis, and made avalable as what in cloud computing terms is referred to as “Software as a Service” (SaaS). (Actually, a Platform store allows the storage of content other than RDF data too – see the discussion of the ContentBox and MetaBox features in the Talis documentation – but we are, currently at least, making use only of the MetaBox facilities).
Access to the store is provided through a Web API. Using the MetaBox API, data can be added/uploaded to the MetaBox using HTTP POST, updates can be applied through what Talis call “Changesets” (essentially “remove that set of triples” and “add this set of triples”) again using HTTP POST, and “bounded descriptions” of individual resources can be retrieved using HTTP GET. There are also “admin” functions like “give me a dump of the contents” and “clear the database”. In addition, the Platform provides a simple full-text search over literals (which returns result sets in RSS), a configurable faceted search, an “augment” function and a SPARQL endpoint.
A number of client software libraries for working with the Platform are available, developed either by Talis staff or by developers who have worked with the Platform.
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I’m going to focus here on retrieving data from the MetaBox, and more specifically retrieving the “bounded descriptions” of individual resources which which provide the basis for the “Linked Data” documents.
This process involves a small Web application which responds to HTTP GET requests for these URIs:
- For an “Identifier URI”, the server responds with a 303 status code and a Location header redirecting the client to the “Document URI”
- For a “Document URI”, the server derives the corresponding “Identifier URI”, queries the Platform store to obtain a description of the thing identified by that URI, and responds with a 200 status code, a document in a format selected according to the preferences specified by the client (i.e. following the principles of HTTP content negotiation), and a Content-Location header providing a “Representation URI” for a document in that format.
- For a “Representation URI”, the server derives the corresponding “Identifier URI”, queries the Platform store to obtain a description of the thing identified by that URI, and responds with a 200 status code and a document in the format associated with that URI.
The first step above is handled using a simple Apache rewrite rule. For the latter two steps, we’ve made use of the Paget PHP library created by Ian Davis of Talis for working with the Platform (Paget itself makes use of another library, Moriarty, also created by Ian). I’m sure there are many other ways of achieving this; I chose Paget in part because my software development abilities are fairly limited, but having had a quick look at the documentation and 免费高匿代理ip地址, I felt there was enough there to enable me to take an example and apply my basic and rather rusty PHP skills to tweak it to make it work – at least as a short-term path to getting something functional we could “put out there”, and then polish in the future if necessary.
The main challenge was that the default Paget behaviour seemed to be to use the approach described in section 4.3 of the Cool URIs document, “303 URIs forwarding to Different Documents”, where the server performs content negotiation on the request for the “Identifier URI” and redirects directly to a “Representation URI”, i.e. a GET for an “Identifier URI” like http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/skinnerbeverley1938-1999artist resulted in redirects to “Representation URIs” like http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/skinnerbeverley1938-1999artist.html or http://data.archiveshub.ac.uk/id/person/ncarules/skinnerbeverley1938-1999artist.rdf
If possible we wanted to use the alternative “recipe” described in the previous section, and after some tweaking we managed to get something that did the job. We also made some minor changes to provide a small amount of additional “document metadata”, e.g. the publisher of and license for the document. (I do recognise that the presentation of the HTML pages is currently pretty basic, and there is room for improvement!)
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I’d started to write more here about extending what we’ve done to provide other ways of accessing the data, but having written quite a lot here already, I think that is probably best saved for a future post.
